The generate_inside_post_meta_item_output filter allows you to add content after the post meta.
For example, we can use this snippet to add the text 「Publish in」 before publishing the category meta:
add_filter( 'generate_inside_post_meta_item_output', function( $output, $item ) {
if ( 'categories' === $item ) {
return ' Published in ';
}
return $output;
}, 50, 2 );